Coined in 1965 by the German philosopher Max Bense, the term generative art describes works based on an algorithmic code or a mathematical formula. Generative art is made through a set of rules that automates the output where there is usually randomness embedded in the algorithm. The process is defined by the artist, and the output is a sort of machine and artist collaboration. Bense taught two of the artists with work in the current Phillips auction Ex-Machina: A History of Generative Art (until 20 July): Frieder Nake and Georg Nees. Originally exhibited in 1965, Nake’s plotter drawings are among the earliest examples of computer art. The auction also includes a late work by Nees from 1986 in which the artist created an AI programme with the computer language Lisp. Bridging between graphics and language, this work shows a virtual mythical room predicting the modern metaverse.

How is generative art curated?

Applying a historical lens to the definition and evolution of generative art is one way to curate it. Another, employed by the NFT platform FxHash requires that all art on its platform use a particular random function within its code. The truth is that while this term has been floating around since 1965, it will also largely be defined by the curators of its present shows, including the Phillip’s auction.

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